Abstract: Set classification is the task of predicting a single label from a set comprising multiple instances. The examples we consider are pathology slides represented by sets of patches and medical text represented by sets of word embeddings. State of the art methods, such as the transformers, typically use attention mechanisms to learn representations of set-data by modeling interactions between instances of the set. These methods, however, have complex heuristic architectures comprising multiple heads and layers. The complexity of attention architectures hampers their training when only a small number of labeled sets is available, as is often the case in medical applications. To address this problem, we present a kernel-based representation learning framework that associates between learning affinity kernels to learning representations from attention architectures. We show that learning a combination of the sum and the product of kernels is equivalent to learning representations from multi-head multi-layer attention architectures. From our framework, we devise a simplified attention architecture which we term \emph{affinitention} (affinity-attention) nets. We demonstrate the application of affinitention nets to the classification of Set-Cifar10 dataset, thyroid malignancy prediction from pathology slides, as well as patient text message-triage. We show that affinitention nets provide competitive results compared to heuristic attention architectures and outperform other competing methods.